Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancer and causes of death worldwide. American Cancer Society estimates around 12,900 new cases of cervical cancer in 2015 and it also estimates 4,100 deaths due to cervical cancer in the same year in the United States. Cervical cancer accounts 85% of all cancers with an age-standardized rate incidence of 30 per 100,000 and mortality rate of 7.5%. According to ethnicity, age-standardized rate is higher in white females (8.2 to 8.7 per 100,000) than black females (6.3 to 11.2 per 100,000) and Asian females (3.6 to 6.5 per 100,000), although a decrease in mortality rate was observed in last 30 years. There is higher incidence observed in two specific age groups of 30-34 (20 per 100,000) and 80-84 (13 per 100,000). Eastern Africa (42.7), Melanesia (33.3), Southern (31.5) and Middle (30.6) Africa are observed as the high risk regions. A continuous screening a common routine in the United States.
The cervical cancer takes place when some changes initiates in the cells of cervix and these changes is known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). These cells are not cancerous but these cells might be converted in to the cancerous cells if these are not treated at the right time. Human papilloma viruses (HPV), sexual activities, and the multiple pregnancies are the major risk factors of the cervical cancer in females. The most common sign and symptoms of cervical cancer are vaginal discharge and abnormal bleeding. The cervical cancer can be diagnosed in the females with the help of different tests such as medical history, physical exam, colposcopy, endocervical curettage (endocervical scraping), colposcopic biopsy, and cone biopsy. There are some diagnostic approaches such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scan, intravenous urography, and chest x-ray.
There several treatments are available for the treatment of cervical cancer. Immunotherapy plays a major role in the treatment because it works against the cancerous cells as well as boost the immune system of the body. Immune system also fights against the cancer. There are numerous immunotherapeutic which protect the body and kill the cancerous cells. Sometimes, immunotherapeutic are given to patients in combination with chemotherapy to enhance the potency and effect of drug against the cancer. Gardasil, Cervarix, and Bevacizumab are mainly used immunotherapeutic for the treatment of cervical cancer. There are several monoclonal antibody, immunomodulators, immune combination therapy, antibody drug conjugates, vaccines, and interferon's which are under clinical trials. These drugs are highly potential to fight against the cancerous cell. All these drugs indicate a crystal clear future for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Share:
About the Author
gapsos
Global Allied Pharmaceuticals (GAP) has skilled team to deliver immunotherapy and immune oncology services. Please visit us on gapsos.com... (show bio
No comments:
Post a Comment